Linux进阶指令实战：高效运维必备技能

Linux指令进阶：从入门到熟练的实操指南

文件与目录操作

掌握find命令的高级用法可以大幅提升文件管理效率。例如查找7天内修改过的.log文件并删除：

find /var/log -name "*.log" -mtime -7 -exec rm {} \;

rsync命令实现增量备份，保留文件属性：

rsync -avz --progress /source/dir/ user@remote:/backup/dir/

文本处理三剑客

grep配合正则表达式实现复杂匹配：

grep -P '(\d{3}-){2}\d{4}' phone_numbers.txt

awk处理CSV数据并计算统计值：

awk -F',' '{sum+=$3} END {print "Average:",sum/NR}' data.csv

sed进行批量替换时支持正则分组：

sed -E 's/([0-9]{4})-([0-9]{2})/\2\/\1/g' dates.txt

系统监控与性能

top的增强版htop提供交互式进程管理：

htop -d 10 -u www-data

dstat综合监控工具显示实时系统负载：

dstat -cmsdnl --tcp --fs --socket

网络工具链

tcpdump抓取特定端口的HTTP流量：

tcpdump -i eth0 'tcp port 80 and (((ip[2:2] - ((ip[0]&0xf)<<2)) - ((tcp[12]&0xf0)>>2)) != 0)'

curl调试API时携带认证头信息：

curl -H "Authorization: Bearer token" -X POST https://api.example.com/v1/resource

Shell脚本进阶

使用数组和循环处理批量任务：

servers=("web1" "db2" "cache3")
for server in "${servers[@]}"; do
  ssh $server "uptime"
done

函数封装常用逻辑：

backup_to_cloud() {
  tar czf $1.tar.gz $1 && \
  scp $1.tar.gz user@cloud:/backups/ && \
  rm $1.tar.gz
}

权限与安全

ACL实现精细权限控制：

setfacl -Rm u:deploy:rwx,d:u:deploy:rwx /srv/app

auditd监控敏感文件访问：

auditctl -w /etc/passwd -p wa -k passwd_changes

容器化集成

在容器内执行宿主机命令：

docker exec -it nginx bash -c "nginx -t && nginx -s reload"

podman无守护进程运行容器：

podman run --rm -v $(pwd):/app alpine sh -c "cd /app && ./build.sh"

性能调优技巧

perf分析CPU使用热点：

perf record -F 99 -g -- ./application
perf report -n --stdio

strace追踪系统调用：

strace -ff -o trace.log -e trace=file php script.php

自动化运维

ansible批量执行命令：

ansible webservers -i inventory.ini -m shell -a "free -m"

cron定时任务配合日志记录：

* * * * * /path/to/script.sh >> /var/log/cron.log 2>&1

BbS.okacop030.info/PoSt/1120_530149.HtM
BbS.okacop031.info/PoSt/1120_385083.HtM
BbS.okacop032.info/PoSt/1120_009794.HtM
BbS.okacop033.info/PoSt/1120_046005.HtM
BbS.okacop034.info/PoSt/1120_776269.HtM
BbS.okacop035.info/PoSt/1120_729520.HtM
BbS.okacop036.info/PoSt/1120_583037.HtM
BbS.okacop037.info/PoSt/1120_268228.HtM
BbS.okacop038.info/PoSt/1120_600405.HtM
BbS.okacop039.info/PoSt/1120_696494.HtM
BbS.okacop040.info/PoSt/1120_816331.HtM
BbS.okacop041.info/PoSt/1120_645120.HtM
BbS.okacop042.info/PoSt/1120_196063.HtM
BbS.okacop043.info/PoSt/1120_068631.HtM
BbS.okacop044.info/PoSt/1120_736468.HtM
BbS.okacop045.info/PoSt/1120_285166.HtM
BbS.okacop046.info/PoSt/1120_519302.HtM
BbS.okacop047.info/PoSt/1120_031232.HtM
BbS.okacop048.info/PoSt/1120_880928.HtM
BbS.okacop049.info/PoSt/1120_819097.HtM
BbS.okacop040.info/PoSt/1120_888824.HtM
BbS.okacop041.info/PoSt/1120_367710.HtM
BbS.okacop042.info/PoSt/1120_916194.HtM
BbS.okacop043.info/PoSt/1120_201778.HtM
BbS.okacop044.info/PoSt/1120_012182.HtM
BbS.okacop045.info/PoSt/1120_065730.HtM
BbS.okacop046.info/PoSt/1120_308042.HtM
BbS.okacop047.info/PoSt/1120_988606.HtM
BbS.okacop048.info/PoSt/1120_144928.HtM
BbS.okacop049.info/PoSt/1120_629364.HtM
BbS.okacop040.info/PoSt/1120_157588.HtM
BbS.okacop041.info/PoSt/1120_891678.HtM
BbS.okacop042.info/PoSt/1120_841315.HtM
BbS.okacop043.info/PoSt/1120_799838.HtM
BbS.okacop044.info/PoSt/1120_544770.HtM
BbS.okacop045.info/PoSt/1120_122270.HtM
BbS.okacop046.info/PoSt/1120_758886.HtM
BbS.okacop047.info/PoSt/1120_767918.HtM
BbS.okacop048.info/PoSt/1120_454706.HtM
BbS.okacop049.info/PoSt/1120_874702.HtM
BbS.okacop040.info/PoSt/1120_418435.HtM
BbS.okacop041.info/PoSt/1120_004022.HtM
BbS.okacop042.info/PoSt/1120_603058.HtM
BbS.okacop043.info/PoSt/1120_631942.HtM
BbS.okacop044.info/PoSt/1120_886576.HtM
BbS.okacop045.info/PoSt/1120_066247.HtM
BbS.okacop046.info/PoSt/1120_845532.HtM
BbS.okacop047.info/PoSt/1120_327580.HtM
BbS.okacop048.info/PoSt/1120_449643.HtM
BbS.okacop049.info/PoSt/1120_690187.HtM
BbS.okacop040.info/PoSt/1120_891530.HtM
BbS.okacop041.info/PoSt/1120_350447.HtM
BbS.okacop042.info/PoSt/1120_187227.HtM
BbS.okacop043.info/PoSt/1120_564124.HtM
BbS.okacop044.info/PoSt/1120_396755.HtM
BbS.okacop045.info/PoSt/1120_252070.HtM
BbS.okacop046.info/PoSt/1120_176035.HtM
BbS.okacop047.info/PoSt/1120_490952.HtM
BbS.okacop048.info/PoSt/1120_981851.HtM
BbS.okacop049.info/PoSt/1120_755637.HtM
BbS.okacop040.info/PoSt/1120_928048.HtM
BbS.okacop041.info/PoSt/1120_862744.HtM
BbS.okacop042.info/PoSt/1120_900447.HtM
BbS.okacop043.info/PoSt/1120_373516.HtM
BbS.okacop044.info/PoSt/1120_677106.HtM
BbS.okacop045.info/PoSt/1120_330721.HtM
BbS.okacop046.info/PoSt/1120_831193.HtM
BbS.okacop047.info/PoSt/1120_025460.HtM
BbS.okacop048.info/PoSt/1120_980413.HtM
BbS.okacop049.info/PoSt/1120_307790.HtM
BbS.okacop040.info/PoSt/1120_050965.HtM
BbS.okacop041.info/PoSt/1120_049132.HtM
BbS.okacop042.info/PoSt/1120_239478.HtM
BbS.okacop043.info/PoSt/1120_007685.HtM
BbS.okacop044.info/PoSt/1120_510563.HtM
BbS.okacop045.info/PoSt/1120_755316.HtM
BbS.okacop046.info/PoSt/1120_587353.HtM
BbS.okacop047.info/PoSt/1120_141760.HtM
BbS.okacop048.info/PoSt/1120_789139.HtM
BbS.okacop049.info/PoSt/1120_617146.HtM

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