RSA私钥生成实战指南

RSA私钥生成工具openHiTLS genrsa详解

openHiTLS genrsa是一个专为密码学实战设计的命令行工具，用于高效生成RSA私钥。其核心功能基于OpenSSL库，但通过简化参数和优化默认配置，显著提升了易用性。

基本命令格式

openHiTLS genrsa -out private_key.pem -bits 2048

• -out：指定输出私钥文件路径
• -bits：定义密钥长度（默认2048位）

高级参数配置

-passout pass:yourpassword 可为私钥添加加密保护 -f4 指定公钥指数为65537（默认值） -3 使用3作为公钥指数（较少使用）

典型安全实践推荐组合：

openHiTLS genrsa -out secure_key.pem -bits 4096 -passout pass:Str0ngP@ss -f4

密钥格式选择

支持多种输出格式：

• PEM格式（默认）：-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
• DER格式：添加-outform DER参数
• PKCS#8格式：配合-topk8参数转换

性能优化技巧

对于4096位以上大密钥： -rand /dev/urandom 指定高质量随机源 -primes 3 使用多素数加速生成（需权衡安全性）

典型应用场景

1. HTTPS服务器密钥生成
2. SSH认证密钥对创建
3. 数字证书签发基础
4. 加密文件系统密钥准备

安全注意事项

• 2048位密钥已能满足当前多数场景
• 存储加密私钥时必须确保密码强度
• 生成后应立即设置适当文件权限
• 建议配合硬件安全模块(HSM)使用

该工具通过-verbose参数可输出详细生成过程信息，便于调试和教学演示。实际部署时应关闭详细输出以防止敏感信息泄露。

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