JavaScript输出方法全解析
JavaScript 输出的核心方法
JavaScript 提供了多种方式将数据输出到页面或控制台，以下是常用的几种方法：
console.log()
最常用的调试工具，将内容输出到浏览器控制台。支持字符串、变量、对象等类型，适合开发调试。
console.log("Hello World");
let x = 10;
console.log("Value:", x);
document.write()
直接向 HTML 文档写入内容，但会覆盖已有文档，通常仅用于测试或简单示例。
document.write("<h1>Dynamic Content</h1>");
innerHTML/innerText
通过 DOM 操作修改特定元素的内容，适合动态更新页面。
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = "New content";
alert()
弹出对话框显示信息，会阻塞代码执行，常用于简单提示。
alert("This is an alert!");
格式化输出技巧
模板字符串
使用反引号（`）包裹字符串，支持多行文本和变量嵌入。
let name = "Alice";
console.log(`User: ${name}, Time: ${new Date()}`);
JSON.stringify()
将对象转换为格式化的 JSON 字符串，便于调试复杂数据。
let obj = { id: 1, name: "Bob" };
console.log(JSON.stringify(obj, null, 2));
高级输出场景
控制台增强方法
console.table()：以表格形式输出数组或对象console.dir()：显示对象的交互式属性列表
let users = [{name: "Tom"}, {name: "Jerry"}];
console.table(users);
Node.js 环境输出
使用 process.stdout.write() 实现无换行输出，或 util.format() 进行格式化。
process.stdout.write("Loading...");
性能与最佳实践
- 避免在生产环境使用
document.write()，可能破坏页面结构 - 大量 DOM 操作时优先使用
textContent而非innerHTML，避免 XSS 风险 - 调试时组合使用
console.group()和console.groupEnd()对日志分组
浏览器兼容性说明
所有现代浏览器均支持基础输出方法，但部分控制台功能（如 console.table()）在旧版 IE 中不可用。可通过垫片库或特性检测解决兼容性问题。
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