Elasticsearch 8.15.2极速安装指南

Elasticsearch 8.15.2 Linux安装流程（国内镜像提速版）

环境准备

确保系统为64位Linux（CentOS 7+/Ubuntu 18.04+），已安装Java 11或更高版本。通过以下命令验证Java环境：

java -version

配置国内镜像源

替换官方下载地址为国内镜像源加速下载。使用华为云镜像：

wget https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/elasticsearch/8.15.2/elasticsearch-8.15.2-linux-x86_64.tar.gz

解压与目录配置

解压安装包并移动到标准目录：

tar -zxvf elasticsearch-8.15.2-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
sudo mv elasticsearch-8.15.2 /usr/local/elasticsearch

系统参数优化

修改系统限制以支持ES运行：

sudo tee -a /etc/security/limits.conf <<EOF
* soft nofile 65536
* hard nofile 65536
* soft nproc 4096
* hard nproc 4096
EOF

调整内核参数：

sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf <<EOF
vm.max_map_count=262144
EOF
sudo sysctl -p

创建专用用户

ES不允许使用root运行，需创建专用用户：

sudo useradd -m elasticsearch
sudo chown -R elasticsearch:elasticsearch /usr/local/elasticsearch

配置文件修改

编辑/usr/local/elasticsearch/config/elasticsearch.yml：

cluster.name: my-es-cluster
node.name: node /var/lib/elasticsearch
path.logs: /var/log/elasticsearch
network.host: 0.0.0.0
http.port: 9200
discovery.type: single-node
xpack.security.enabled: false  # 测试环境可关闭安全认证

创建数据与日志目录：

sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/elasticsearch /var/log/elasticsearch
sudo chown -R elasticsearch:elasticsearch /var/lib/elasticsearch /var/log/elasticsearch

服务启动与管理

使用systemd管理服务，创建/etc/systemd/system/elasticsearch.service：

[Unit]
Description=Elasticsearch
After=network.target

[Service]
User=elasticsearch
Group=elasticsearch
ExecStart=/usr/local/elasticsearch/bin/elasticsearch
LimitNOFILE=65536
LimitNPROC=4096

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动并设置开机自启：

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable elasticsearch
sudo systemctl start elasticsearch

验证安装

检查服务状态：

systemctl status elasticsearch

测试API接口：

curl -X GET "http://localhost:9200/"

成功安装后会返回类似信息：

{
  "name" : "node-1",
  "cluster_name" : "my-es-cluster",
  "version" : {
    "number" : "8.15.2",
    "build_flavor" : "default",
    "build_type" : "tar",
    "lucene_version" : "9.8.0"
  }
}

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