C++手写链表：从节点到迭代器

list模拟实现（简单版）【C++】

基本结构与节点设计

链表的核心是节点（Node），每个节点存储数据和指向下一个节点的指针。在C++中，可通过结构体或类实现：

template <typename T>
struct ListNode {
    T data;             // 数据域
    ListNode* next;     // 指针域
    ListNode(const T& val) : data(val), next(nullptr) {}
};

链表类框架

封装链表操作，包括构造、插入、删除等：

template <typename T>
class SimpleList {
private:
    ListNode<T>* head;  // 头节点指针
    size_t size_;       // 链表长度

public:
    SimpleList() : head(nullptr), size_(0) {}
    ~SimpleList();

    void push_front(const T& val);
    void pop_front();
    bool empty() const { return head == nullptr; }
    size_t size() const { return size_; }
};

关键操作实现

头插法（push_front）

template <typename T>
void SimpleList<T>::push_front(const T& val) {
    ListNode<T>* newNode = new ListNode<T>(val);
    newNode->next = head;
    head = newNode;
    ++size_;
}

头删法（pop_front）

template <typename T>
void SimpleList<T>::pop_front() {
    if (empty()) return;
    ListNode<T>* temp = head;
    head = head->next;
    delete temp;
    --size_;
}

析构函数 需释放所有节点内存：

template <typename T>
SimpleList<T>::~SimpleList() {
    while (!empty()) {
        pop_front();
    }
}

迭代器支持（可选）

为支持范围遍历，可嵌套定义迭代器类：

template <typename T>
class SimpleList {
public:
    class Iterator {
        ListNode<T>* current;
    public:
        Iterator(ListNode<T>* p) : current(p) {}
        T& operator*() { return current->data; }
        Iterator& operator++() { current = current->next; return *this; }
        bool operator!=(const Iterator& other) { return current != other.current; }
    };

    Iterator begin() { return Iterator(head); }
    Iterator end() { return Iterator(nullptr); }
};

使用示例：

SimpleList<int> list;
for (auto it = list.begin(); it != list.end(); ++it) {
    std::cout << *it << " ";
}

注意事项

内存管理：确保每次new操作都有对应的delete，避免内存泄漏。
边界条件：处理空链表或单节点链表的特殊情况。
异常安全：插入/删除操作可能因内存不足抛出异常，需保证对象状态一致性。

此实现仅包含基础功能，实际标准库的std::list还涉及双向链表、更复杂的迭代器设计等特性。

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