SpringBoot+MongoDB全栈实战：AI集成与架构优化
SpringBoot + MongoDB全栈实战：架构原理与AI集成
技术栈核心架构
SpringBoot 3.0 + MongoDB 6.0构建分层架构：Controller层采用RESTful API设计，Service层通过@Transactional实现多文档事务，Repository层使用MongoTemplate混合ReactiveMongoTemplate。MongoDB分片集群部署方案采用3个配置服务器+2个分片副本集，通过sh.enableSharding()命令启用分片。
数据建模遵循MongoDB模式设计原则：
- 嵌入式文档处理一对多关系（如用户与订单）
- 引用关联处理多对多关系（如商品与标签）
- 时间序列集合处理IoT数据（
timeseries: { timeField: "timestamp" }）
性能优化策略
索引优化组合使用：
@CompoundIndex(def = "{'userId':1,'createTime':-1}", name = "idx_user_time")
@TextIndexed String productDesc; // 全文检索字段
聚合管道实现复杂查询：
Aggregation.newAggregation(
match(Criteria.where("status").is("ACTIVE")),
group("category").sum("amount").as("total"),
sort(Sort.Direction.DESC, "total")
)
连接池配置参数：
spring.data.mongodb:
uri: mongodb://user:pwd@host:27017/db?maxPoolSize=50&waitQueueTimeoutMS=2000
AI集成方案
-
向量搜索集成
使用MongoDB Atlas Vector Search：List<Double> embeddings = openAIClient.getEmbeddings(text); collection.createSearchIndex( "{ 'fields': [ { 'type': 'vector', 'path': 'embedding', 'dimensions': 1536 } ] }" ); -
LLM对话日志存储
设计对话文档结构：{ "sessionId": "uuid", "messages": [ { "role": "user", "content": "如何配置MongoDB分片", "timestamp": ISODate() } ], "summary": "MongoDB分片配置咨询" } -
预测模型集成
PMML模型存储与执行：@Document(collection = "ml_models") public class ModelMetadata { @BinaryData byte[] pmmlBytes; LocalDateTime deployTime; }
监控与DevOps
Spring Boot Actuator集成MongoDB指标：
management:
endpoints:
web:
exposure:
include: health,metrics,mongostat
metrics:
export:
prometheus:
enabled: true
容器化部署示例：
FROM eclipse-temurin:17-jdk-jammy
COPY target/app.jar /app.jar
ENTRYPOINT ["java","-jar","/app.jar"]
安全实践
基于RBAC的访问控制：
db.createRole({
role: "data_scientist",
privileges: [{
resource: { db: "appdb", collection: "predictions" },
actions: ["find","insert"]
}]
})
JWT认证集成方案：
@Bean
SecurityFilterChain securityFilterChain(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http.authorizeHttpRequests(auth -> auth
.requestMatchers("/api/ai/**").hasRole("AI_ENGINEER")
.anyRequest().authenticated()
).oauth2ResourceServer(OAuth2ResourceServerConfigurer::jwt);
return http.build();
}
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