SpringBoot+MongoDB全栈实战：AI集成与架构优化

SpringBoot + MongoDB全栈实战：架构原理与AI集成

技术栈核心架构

SpringBoot 3.0 + MongoDB 6.0构建分层架构：Controller层采用RESTful API设计，Service层通过@Transactional实现多文档事务，Repository层使用MongoTemplate混合ReactiveMongoTemplate。MongoDB分片集群部署方案采用3个配置服务器+2个分片副本集，通过sh.enableSharding()命令启用分片。

数据建模遵循MongoDB模式设计原则：

• 嵌入式文档处理一对多关系（如用户与订单）
• 引用关联处理多对多关系（如商品与标签）
• 时间序列集合处理IoT数据（timeseries: { timeField: "timestamp" }）

性能优化策略

索引优化组合使用：

@CompoundIndex(def = "{'userId':1,'createTime':-1}", name = "idx_user_time")
@TextIndexed String productDesc; // 全文检索字段

聚合管道实现复杂查询：

Aggregation.newAggregation(
    match(Criteria.where("status").is("ACTIVE")),
    group("category").sum("amount").as("total"),
    sort(Sort.Direction.DESC, "total")
)

连接池配置参数：

spring.data.mongodb:
  uri: mongodb://user:pwd@host:27017/db?maxPoolSize=50&waitQueueTimeoutMS=2000

AI集成方案

1. 向量搜索集成
   使用MongoDB Atlas Vector Search：

   List<Double> embeddings = openAIClient.getEmbeddings(text);
   collection.createSearchIndex(
     "{ 'fields': [ { 'type': 'vector', 'path': 'embedding', 'dimensions': 1536 } ] }"
   );
   

2. LLM对话日志存储
   设计对话文档结构：

   {
     "sessionId": "uuid",
     "messages": [
       {
         "role": "user",
         "content": "如何配置MongoDB分片",
         "timestamp": ISODate()
       }
     ],
     "summary": "MongoDB分片配置咨询"
   }
   

3. 预测模型集成
   PMML模型存储与执行：

   @Document(collection = "ml_models")
   public class ModelMetadata {
     @BinaryData byte[] pmmlBytes;
     LocalDateTime deployTime;
   }
   

监控与DevOps

Spring Boot Actuator集成MongoDB指标：

management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: health,metrics,mongostat
  metrics:
    export:
      prometheus:
        enabled: true

容器化部署示例：

FROM eclipse-temurin:17-jdk-jammy
COPY target/app.jar /app.jar
ENTRYPOINT ["java","-jar","/app.jar"]

安全实践

基于RBAC的访问控制：

db.createRole({
  role: "data_scientist",
  privileges: [{
    resource: { db: "appdb", collection: "predictions" },
    actions: ["find","insert"]
  }]
})

JWT认证集成方案：

@Bean
SecurityFilterChain securityFilterChain(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
  http.authorizeHttpRequests(auth -> auth
    .requestMatchers("/api/ai/**").hasRole("AI_ENGINEER")
    .anyRequest().authenticated()
  ).oauth2ResourceServer(OAuth2ResourceServerConfigurer::jwt);
  return http.build();
}

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