Vue3+Three.js打造3D汽车定制神器

Vue3 + Three.js 实现3D汽车个性化定制及展示

技术栈选择

Vue3作为前端框架，提供响应式数据绑定和组件化开发能力。Three.js作为WebGL库，负责3D渲染和交互逻辑。两者结合可实现高效、模块化的3D应用开发。

场景初始化

创建Vue3项目并安装Three.js依赖：

npm install three @types/three

在组件中初始化Three.js场景：

import * as THREE from 'three';

const scene = new THREE.Scene();
const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(75, window.innerWidth/window.innerHeight, 0.1, 1000);
const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({ antialias: true });
renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
document.getElementById('container').appendChild(renderer.domElement);

3D模型加载

使用GLTFLoader加载汽车模型：

import { GLTFLoader } from 'three/examples/jsm/loaders/GLTFLoader';

const loader = new GLTFLoader();
loader.load('car_model.glb', (gltf) => {
  const car = gltf.scene;
  scene.add(car);
  setupCustomization(car); // 初始化定制功能
});

材质与颜色定制

通过GUI控件实现实时材质修改：

import { GUI } from 'three/examples/jsm/libs/lil-gui.module.min';

function setupCustomization(car) {
  const gui = new GUI();
  const params = {
    color: '#ff0000',
    metallic: 0.5,
    roughness: 0.3
  };

  car.traverse((child) => {
    if (child.isMesh) {
      child.material = new THREE.MeshPhysicalMaterial({
        color: new THREE.Color(params.color),
        metalness: params.metallic,
        roughness: params.roughness
      });
    }
  });

  gui.addColor(params, 'color').onChange(updateMaterials);
  gui.add(params, 'metallic', 0, 1).onChange(updateMaterials);
  gui.add(params, 'roughness', 0, 1).onChange(updateMaterials);
}

交互控制实现

添加OrbitControls实现模型旋转查看：

import { OrbitControls } from 'three/examples/jsm/controls/OrbitControls';

const controls = new OrbitControls(camera, renderer.domElement);
controls.enableDamping = true;
controls.dampingFactor = 0.05;

动画循环处理

在Vue3的onMounted钩子中启动渲染循环：

import { onMounted, onUnmounted } from 'vue';

function animate() {
  requestAnimationFrame(animate);
  controls.update();
  renderer.render(scene, camera);
}

onMounted(() => {
  animate();
});

onUnmounted(() => {
  cancelAnimationFrame(animationId);
});

性能优化策略

使用DRACOLoader压缩模型
实现按需渲染（只在参数变化时触发渲染）
添加加载进度指示器
响应式适配不同屏幕尺寸

高级定制功能

部件替换系统（轮毂、包围等）
环境光遮蔽调节
动态阴影效果
多角度预设视角

部署注意事项

配置正确的MIME类型处理GLB文件
启用Gzip压缩减少模型加载时间
实现CDN加速静态资源
添加WebGL兼容性检测

这种技术组合特别适合电商平台的汽车配置器、虚拟展厅等场景，既能保持前端开发的灵活性，又能提供专业的3D可视化效果。通过Vue3的响应式系统与Three.js的渲染能力结合，可以创建高度交互的3D定制体验。

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