Ubuntu下快速格式化移动硬盘为EXT4
准备工作
确保移动硬盘已正确连接到Ubuntu系统，并通过lsblk或fdisk -l命令确认硬盘标识符（如/dev/sdb）。备份重要数据，格式化将清除所有数据。
确认硬盘分区状态
使用以下命令查看当前分区表：
sudo fdisk -l /dev/sdb
若硬盘已有分区，需先删除旧分区。启动交互式分区工具：
sudo fdisk /dev/sdb
输入d删除分区，重复操作直至无剩余分区。
创建新分区表
在fdisk交互界面中，输入g创建新的GPT分区表（适用于2TB以上大容量硬盘）。输入n创建新分区，按提示设置分区大小（默认全盘），最后输入w保存更改。
格式化分区为EXT4文件系统
使用mkfs.ext4命令格式化分区（假设分区为/dev/sdb1）：
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
添加-L参数可设置卷标：
sudo mkfs.ext4 -L DataDrive /dev/sdb1
优化格式化参数（可选）
对大容量硬盘，可调整inode数量和块大小提升性能：
sudo mkfs.ext4 -i 8192 -b 4096 /dev/sdb1
其中-i 8192表示每8192字节分配一个inode，-b 4096设置块大小为4KB。
挂载与自动挂载配置
创建挂载点并临时挂载：
sudo mkdir /mnt/mydrive
sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/mydrive
如需开机自动挂载，编辑/etc/fstab文件，添加以下行：
UUID=$(sudo blkid -s UUID -o value /dev/sdb1) /mnt/mydrive ext4 defaults 0 2
验证文件系统
使用fsck检查文件系统完整性：
sudo fsck /dev/sdb1
查看硬盘空间使用情况：
df -h /mnt/mydrive
NTFS/FAT32格式替代方案
如需Windows兼容格式，使用以下命令：
sudo mkfs.ntfs -f /dev/sdb1 # NTFS格式
sudo mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/sdb1 # FAT32格式（限制单文件4GB）
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