uni-app移动端软键盘防顶起全攻略

问题描述

在uni-app开发H5页面时，移动端软键盘弹出可能会顶起底部内容，导致布局错乱或关键操作区域被遮挡。常见场景包括表单输入、聊天界面等需要频繁交互的页面。

解决方案一：使用CSS固定布局

通过CSS将底部内容固定在视窗底部，避免软键盘影响布局：

.container {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  height: 100vh;
}
.content {
  flex: 1;
  overflow-y: auto;
}
.footer {
  position: sticky;
  bottom: 0;
  background: #fff;
  z-index: 100;
}

关键点在于使用vh单位和flex布局，确保内容区域可滚动而底部固定。需注意iOS可能需要额外处理：

@supports (-webkit-touch-callout: none) {
  .container {
    height: -webkit-fill-available;
  }
}

解决方案二：监听键盘事件动态调整

通过JavaScript监听resize事件判断键盘状态：

let originalHeight = document.documentElement.clientHeight;
window.addEventListener('resize', () => {
  const resizeHeight = document.documentElement.clientHeight;
  if (resizeHeight < originalHeight) {
    document.querySelector('.footer').style.display = 'none';
  } else {
    document.querySelector('.footer').style.display = 'block';
  }
});

在uni-app中可通过onUniKeyboardHeightChange监听：

uni.onUniKeyboardHeightChange(e => {
  const { height } = e;
  this.keyboardHeight = height;
  this.adjustLayout();
});

解决方案三：修改viewport meta标签

调整页面缩放行为防止布局变化：

<meta name="viewport" 
      content="width=device-width, 
               initial-scale=1.0, 
               minimum-scale=1.0, 
               maximum-scale=1.0, 
               user-scalable=no,
               viewport-fit=cover">

关键参数viewport-fit=cover可配合iOS安全区域使用，需与CSS变量结合：

body {
  padding-bottom: env(safe-area-inset-bottom);
}

解决方案四：输入框聚焦时滚动定位

在输入框聚焦时主动滚动页面：

methods: {
  focusHandler() {
    setTimeout(() => {
      const input = this.$refs.input;
      input.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth', block: 'center' });
    }, 300);
  }
}

对于uni-app的input组件：

<input @focus="focusHandler" 
       adjust-position="false" />

解决方案五：使用绝对定位替代fixed

在部分Android机型上，将底部元素改为绝对定位：

.footer {
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 0;
  width: 100%;
}

配合动态计算内容高度：

mounted() {
  this.contentHeight = window.innerHeight - this.$refs.footer.offsetHeight;
}

兼容性注意事项

iOS需要处理安全区域插入，建议使用env(safe-area-inset-bottom)
部分Android浏览器需要延迟处理滚动事件
微信浏览器可能需要额外调用wx.readyAPI
全面屏设备需测试键盘高度与安全区域的叠加情况

最佳实践推荐

推荐组合方案：

使用CSS固定布局作为基础方案
添加键盘事件监听作为降级方案
对核心输入区域实现滚动定位
针对不同平台做条件编译处理

示例代码结构：

// #ifdef H5
this.initKeyboardHandler();
// #endif

通过以上方法可有效解决绝大多数软键盘顶起布局的问题，实际开发中应根据目标用户设备分布进行针对性测试。

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