C语言循环嵌套实战技巧

循环嵌套的基本概念

循环嵌套是指在循环体内包含另一个循环结构。外层循环每执行一次，内层循环会完整执行一轮。C语言支持for、while、do-while三种循环的任意组合嵌套。

常见嵌套形式：

• for嵌套for
• while嵌套for
• do-while嵌套while

打印图形类练习

直角三角形示例

for(int i=1; i<=5; i++) {
    for(int j=1; j<=i; j++) {
        printf("*");
    }
    printf("\n");
}

输出：

*
**
***
****
*****

空心矩形示例

int rows=4, cols=10;
for(int i=1; i<=rows; i++) {
    for(int j=1; j<=cols; j++) {
        if(i==1 || i==rows || j==1 || j==cols)
            printf("#");
        else
            printf(" ");
    }
    printf("\n");
}

数学计算类练习

九九乘法表

for(int i=1; i<=9; i++) {
    for(int j=1; j<=i; j++) {
        printf("%d×%d=%-2d ", j, i, i*j);
    }
    printf("\n");
}

素数判断

for(int num=2; num<=100; num++) {
    int is_prime = 1;
    for(int i=2; i*i<=num; i++) {
        if(num%i == 0) {
            is_prime = 0;
            break;
        }
    }
    if(is_prime) printf("%d ", num);
}

数组处理类练习

矩阵转置

int matrix[3][3] = {{1,2,3},{4,5,6},{7,8,9}};
for(int i=0; i<3; i++) {
    for(int j=i+1; j<3; j++) {
        int temp = matrix[i][j];
        matrix[i][j] = matrix[j][i];
        matrix[j][i] = temp;
    }
}

二维数组求和

int arr[4][5], sum=0;
for(int i=0; i<4; i++) {
    for(int j=0; j<5; j++) {
        sum += arr[i][j];
    }
}

特殊模式类练习

数字金字塔

for(int i=1; i<=5; i++) {
    for(int space=5; space>i; space--) {
        printf(" ");
    }
    for(int j=1; j<=2*i-1; j++) {
        printf("%d", i);
    }
    printf("\n");
}

字母菱形

char ch='A';
for(int i=1; i<=5; i++) {
    for(int space=5; space>i; space--) {
        printf(" ");
    }
    for(int j=1; j<=i; j++) {
        printf("%c", ch++);
    }
    ch--;
    for(int k=1; k<i; k++) {
        printf("%c", --ch);
    }
    printf("\n");
    ch='A';
}

调试技巧

1. 使用临时变量打印循环计数器：

printf("i=%d, j=%d\n", i, j);

2. 缩小数据规模测试，如将循环上限从100改为5。

3. 添加条件断点调试嵌套循环。

性能优化建议

1. 尽量减少内层循环的计算量，将可预先计算的表达式移到外层。

2. 避免在循环嵌套中进行重复判断，合理使用break和continue。

3. 对于多层嵌套，考虑是否能用数学公式替代部分循环。

4. 数组处理时注意内存访问的局部性原理。

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