Selenium+Java——测试Web端的方法集合(一)

声明driver

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;

public class Example {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 使用Chrome浏览器
        System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "path/to/chromedriver");
        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

        // 或者使用Firefox浏览器
        System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "path/to/geckodriver");
        WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();

        // 在这里可以使用driver执行其他操作

        // 关闭浏览器并退出
        driver.quit();
    }
}

1、查找元素

定位元素，定位方法有:id，name，xpath，class，css，tag，link text，partial link text

//通过id查找元素
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("elementId"));
//通过name查找元素
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.name("elementName"));
//通过xpath查找元素
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//xpathExpression"));
//通过css selector查找元素
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("cssSelector"));
//通过tag name查找元素
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.tagName("tagName"));
//通过link text查找元素
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.linkText("linkText"));
//通过partial link text查找元素
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("partialLinkText"));

2、元素获取

//获取元素的属性值
//attributeName:textContent,innerText,innertHTML,outerHTML,outerText,style等等
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("elementId"));
String attributeValue = element.getAttribute("attributeName");
//获取元素的class属性
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("elementId"));
String  classAttribute= element.getClass();
//获取元素的CSS值(需要传入要获取的CSS属性名称作为参数）
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("elementId"));
String cssValue = element.getCssValue("propertyName");
//获取元素在页面中的位置
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("elementId"));
Point location = element.getLocation();
int xCoordinate = location.getX();
int yCoordinate = location.getY();
//获取元素的标签名称
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("elementId"));
String tagName = element.getTagName();
//获取文本内容
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("elementId"));
String text = element.getText();
//获取元素的大小（宽度和高度），返回一个Dimension对象
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("elementId"));
Dimension size = element.getSize();
int width = size.getWidth();
int height = size.getHeight();
//获取元素的位置和大小
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("elementId"));
org.openqa.selenium.Rectangle rect = element.getRect();
System.out.println("X 坐标: " + rect.getX());
System.out.println("Y 坐标: " + rect.getY());
System.out.println("宽度: " + rect.getWidth());
System.out.println("高度: " + rect.getHeight());
//用于获取当前浏览器窗口或特定元素的屏幕截图(返回一个File对象或者Base64字符串)
//1.获取整个浏览器窗口的屏幕截图并保存为文件
File screenshotFile = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
FileUtils.copyFile(screenshotFile, new File("screenshot.png"));
//2.获取特定元素的屏幕截图并保存为文件
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("elementId"));
File screenshotFile = element.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
FileUtils.copyFile(screenshotFile, new File("elementScreenshot.png"));

3、点击

点击操作有很多，包括：点击，双击，左键，右键，长按等

//1.点击(单击)
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//xpathExpression")).click();
//2.点击(单击)
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("elementId"));
Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
actions.moveToElement(element).click().build().perform();
//3.点击(单击)
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("elementId"));
Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
actions.click(element).build().perform();
//4.点击(单击)
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("elementId"));
((org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor)driver).executeScript("argument[0].click();",element);
//5.点击(单击)
Robot robot=new Robot();
robot.moveMove(x,y)//元素坐标
robot.movePress(KeyEvent.Button1_DOWN_MASK);
robot.mouseRelease(InputEvent.Button1_DOWN_MASK); 
//6.点击(单击)
element = driver.findElement(By.id("elementId")).submit();
/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
//1.双击
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("elementId"));
Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
actions.doubleClick(element).build().perform();
//2.双击
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//xpathExpression")).click();
Robot robot=new Robot();
robot.movePress(KeyEvent.Button1_DOWN_MASK);
robot.mouseRelease(InputEvent.Button1_DOWN_MASK);
robot.movePress(KeyEvent.Button1_DOWN_MASK);
robot.mouseRelease(InputEvent.Button1_DOWN_MASK);
//3.双击
Robot robot=new Robot();
robot.moveMove(x,y)//元素坐标,int x,int y 
robot.movePress(KeyEvent.Button1_DOWN_MASK);
robot.mouseRelease(InputEvent.Button1_DOWN_MASK);
robot.movePress(KeyEvent.Button1_DOWN_MASK);
robot.mouseRelease(InputEvent.Button1_DOWN_MASK);
//4.双击
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("elementId"));
String js = "var element = document.getElementById('" + element + ');\n"
+ "var clickEvent = document.createEvent( 'MouseEvents');\n"
+"clickEvent.initEvent('dblclick', true, true);\n" +
"element.dispatchEvent(clickEvent);";
((org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor)driver).executeScript(js, element);
/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
//1.右键
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("elementId"));
Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
actions.contextClick(element).build().perform();
//2.右键
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//xpathExpression")).click();
Robot robot=new Robot();
robot.movePress(KeyEvent.Button3_DOWN_MASK);
robot.mouseRelease(InputEvent.Button3_DOWN_MASK);
/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
//1.左键
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("elementId"));
Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
actions.click(element).build().perform();
//2.左键
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//xpathExpression")).click();
Robot robot=new Robot();
robot.movePress(KeyEvent.Button1_DOWN_MASK);
robot.mouseRelease(InputEvent.Button1_DOWN_MASK);
/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
//长按
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("elementId"));
Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
actions.clickAndHold(element).perform();
Thread.sleep((long)3*1000);
actions.release(element).perform();

如果有写的不对或者有追加的地方欢迎补充私聊