自定义注解设置Redis缓存有效期的正确姿势
引言
redis缓存的有效期可以通过xml配置文件设置(默认有效期),也可以通过编码的方式手动去设置,但是这两种方式都存在缺陷。xml方式设置的是全局的默认有效期,虽然灵活,但不能给某个缓存设置单独的有效期;硬编码方式虽然可以给不同的缓存设置单独的有效期,但是管理上不够灵活。Spring提供的Cache相关注解中并没有提供有效期的配置参数,so,自定义注解实现缓存有效期的灵活设置诞生了。
Redis缓存
如何使用Redis实现数据缓存,请参考上篇《使用Spring-Data-Redis实现数据缓存》。
工具类介绍
1.JedisPoolConfig
jedis连接池配置类,位于jedis包中,用于配置连接池中jedis连接数的个数、是否阻塞、逐出策略等。示例配置如下所示。
<bean id="poolConfig" class="redis.clients.jedis.JedisPoolConfig"> <!-- maxIdle最大空闲连接数 --> <property name="maxIdle" value="${redis.maxIdle}"/> <!-- maxTotal最大连接数 --> <property name="maxTotal" value="${redis.maxActive}"/> <!-- maxWaitMillis获取连接时的最大等待毫秒数,小于零表示阻塞不确定的时间,默认为-1 --> <property name="maxWaitMillis" value="${redis.maxWait}"/> <!-- testOnBorrow在获取连接的时是否检查有效性 --> <property name="testOnBorrow" value="${redis.testOnBorrow}"/> </bean>
2.JedisConnectionFactory
jedis实例的创建工厂,基于连接池创建jedis实例,位于spring-data-redis包中。示例配置如下所示。
<bean id="jedisConnectionFactory" class="org.springframework.data.redis.connection.jedis.JedisConnectionFactory"> <!-- hostName Redis主机名,默认是localhost --> <property name="hostName" value="${redis.host}"/> <!-- port Redis提供服务的端口--> <property name="port" value="${redis.port}"/> <!-- password Redis认证密码 --> <property name="password" value="${redis.pass}"/> <!-- database 连接工厂使用到的数据库索引,默认是0 --> <property name="database" value="${redis.dbIndex}"/> <!-- poolConfig 连接池配置 --> <property name="poolConfig" ref="poolConfig"/> </bean>
3.RedisTemplate
RedisTemplate可以从JedisConnectionFactory中获取jedis实例,封装了jedis的操作,位于spring-data-redis包中,让使用者无需关心连接的获取及释放,集中关注业务处理。示例配置如下所示。
<bean id="redisTemplate" class="org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate"> <property name="connectionFactory" ref="jedisConnectionFactory"/> </bean>
4.RedisCacheManager
使用RedisTemplate对Redis缓存进行管理,位于spring-data-redis包中。示例配置如下所示。
<bean id="redisCacheManager" class="org.springframework.data.redis.***.RedisCacheManager"> <constructor-arg name="redisOperations" ref="redisTemplate"/> <property name="defaultExpiration" value="${redis.expiration}"/> </bean>
这里介绍RedisCacheManager中一个重要的方法,void setExpires(Map<String, Long> expires),该方法的传入参数是一个Map,Map的key值是@Cacheable(或@CacheEvict或@CachePut)注解的value值,Map的value值是缓存的有效期(单位秒),用于批量设置缓存的有效期。
自定义注解
直接贴代码了,如下。
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE}) public @interface CacheDuration { //Sets the expire time (in seconds). public long duration() default 60; }
使用@CacheDuration
@Service("userService") @CacheDuration(duration = 6) public class UserService { @Cacheable(value = "User", key = "'UserId_' + #id", condition = "#id<=110") @CacheDuration(duration = 16) public String queryFullNameById(long id) { System.out.println("execute queryFullNameById method"); return "ZhangSanFeng"; } }
新RedisCacheManager
新写了一个SpringRedisCacheManager,继承自RedisCacheManager,用于对@CacheDuration解析及有效期的设置,代码如下。
public class SpringRedisCacheManager extends RedisCacheManager implements ApplicationContextAware, InitializingBean { private ApplicationContext applicationContext; public SpringRedisCacheManager(RedisOperations redisOperations) { super(redisOperations); } @Override public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException { this.applicationContext = applicationContext; } @Override public void afterPropertiesSet() { parseCacheDuration(applicationContext); } private void parseCacheDuration(ApplicationContext applicationContext) { final Map<String, Long> ***Expires = new HashMap<>(); String[] beanNames = applicationContext.getBeanNamesForType(Object.class); for (String beanName : beanNames) { final Class clazz = applicationContext.getType(beanName); Service service = findAnnotation(clazz, Service.class); if (null == service) { continue; } addCacheExpires(clazz, ***Expires); } //设置有效期 super.setExpires(***Expires); } private void addCacheExpires(final Class clazz, final Map<String, Long> ***Expires) { ReflectionUtils.doWithMethods(clazz, new ReflectionUtils.MethodCallback() { @Override public void doWith(Method method) throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException { ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(method); CacheDuration ***Duration = findCacheDuration(clazz, method); Cacheable ***able = findAnnotation(method, Cacheable.class); CacheConfig ***Config = findAnnotation(clazz, CacheConfig.class); Set<String> ***Names = findCacheNames(***Config, ***able); for (String ***Name : ***Names) { ***Expires.put(***Name, ***Duration.duration()); } } }, new ReflectionUtils.MethodFilter() { @Override public boolean matches(Method method) { return null != findAnnotation(method, Cacheable.class); } }); } /** * CacheDuration标注的有效期,优先使用方法上标注的有效期 * @param clazz * @param method * @return */ private CacheDuration findCacheDuration(Class clazz, Method method) { CacheDuration methodCacheDuration = findAnnotation(method, CacheDuration.class); if (null != methodCacheDuration) { return methodCacheDuration; } CacheDuration classCacheDuration = findAnnotation(clazz, CacheDuration.class); if (null != classCacheDuration) { return classCacheDuration; } throw new IllegalStateException("No CacheDuration config on Class " + clazz.getName() + " and method " + method.toString()); } private Set<String> findCacheNames(CacheConfig ***Config, Cacheable ***able) { return isEmpty(***able.value()) ? newHashSet(***Config.***Names()) : newHashSet(***able.value()); } }
Spring的xml配置
完整配置redisCacheContext.xml如下所示。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> <beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:***="http://www.springframework.org/schema/***" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/*** http://www.springframework.org/schema/***/spring-***.xsd"> <context:component-scan base-package="redis.***"/> <context:annotation-config/> <***:annotation-driven ***-manager="redisCacheManager"/> <bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer"> <property name="locations"> <list> <value>classpath:redis.properties</value> </list> </property> </bean> <!-- 配置JedisPoolConfig实例 --> <bean id="poolConfig" class="redis.clients.jedis.JedisPoolConfig"> <!-- maxIdle最大空闲连接数 --> <property name="maxIdle" value="${redis.maxIdle}"/> <!-- maxTotal最大连接数 --> <property name="maxTotal" value="${redis.maxActive}"/> <!-- maxWaitMillis获取连接时的最大等待毫秒数,小于零表示阻塞不确定的时间,默认为-1 --> <property name="maxWaitMillis" value="${redis.maxWait}"/> <!-- testOnBorrow在获取连接的时是否检查有效性 --> <property name="testOnBorrow" value="${redis.testOnBorrow}"/> </bean> <!-- 配置JedisConnectionFactory --> <bean id="jedisConnectionFactory" class="org.springframework.data.redis.connection.jedis.JedisConnectionFactory"> <!-- hostName Redis主机名,默认是localhost --> <property name="hostName" value="${redis.host}"/> <!-- port Redis提供服务的端口--> <property name="port" value="${redis.port}"/> <!-- password Redis认证密码 --> <property name="password" value="${redis.pass}"/> <!-- database 连接工厂使用到的数据库索引,默认是0 --> <property name="database" value="${redis.dbIndex}"/> <!-- poolConfig 连接池配置 --> <property name="poolConfig" ref="poolConfig"/> </bean> <!-- 配置RedisTemplate --> <bean id="redisTemplate" class="org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate"> <property name="connectionFactory" ref="jedisConnectionFactory"/> </bean> <!-- 配置RedisCacheManager --> <bean id="redisCacheManager" class="redis.***.SpringRedisCacheManager"> <constructor-arg name="redisOperations" ref="redisTemplate"/> <property name="defaultExpiration" value="${redis.expiration}"/> </bean> </beans>
Redis连接配置
完整配置如下。
redis.host=127.0.0.1 redis.port=6379 redis.pass= redis.dbIndex=0 redis.expiration=3000 redis.maxIdle=300 redis.maxActive=600 redis.maxWait=1000 redis.testOnBorrow=true
测试代码
@Test public void testRedisCacheManager() { ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("redisCacheContext.xml"); UserService userService = (UserService) context.getBean("userService"); RedisTemplate redisTemplate = (RedisTemplate) context.getBean("redisTemplate"); System.out.println("第一次执行查询:" + userService.queryFullNameById(100L)); System.out.println("----------------------------------"); System.out.println("第二次执行查询:" + userService.queryFullNameById(100L)); System.out.println("----------------------------------"); System.out.println("UserId_100有效期(单位秒):" + redisTemplate.getExpire("UserId_100", TimeUnit.SECONDS)); System.out.println("----------------------------------"); try { Thread.sleep(3000); System.out.println("主线程休眠3秒后"); System.out.println("----------------------------------"); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("UserId_100有效期(单位秒):" + redisTemplate.getExpire("UserId_100", TimeUnit.SECONDS)); System.out.println("----------------------------------"); System.out.println("第三次执行查询:" + userService.queryFullNameById(100l)); }
测试结果
execute queryFullNameById method 第一次执行查询:ZhangSanFeng ---------------------------------- 第二次执行查询:ZhangSanFeng ---------------------------------- UserId_100有效期(单位秒):15 ---------------------------------- 主线程休眠3秒后 ---------------------------------- UserId_100有效期(单位秒):12 ---------------------------------- 第三次执行查询:ZhangSanFeng
结果分析
UserService类上标注的CacheDuration设置有效期是6秒,而方法queryFullNameById上CacheDuration设置的有效期是16秒,最后生效的是16秒。