《软件版本语义化：SemVer 的正确使用》（079）

# 📚 软件版本语义化：SemVer 的正确使用 

在软件开发中，版本号不仅仅是简单的数字组合，它承载着重要的兼容性信息。**语义化版本控制（SemVer）** 正是为了解决这一问题而诞生的规范，它通过 `MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH` 的格式（如 `1.2.3`）清晰地表达版本变更的影响范围。 

## 🔍 SemVer 的核心规则 

1. **MAJOR（主版本号）** 🚨 
  当发生**不兼容的 API 变更**时递增，如删除功能或大幅重构。 
  *示例：`1.0.0` → `2.0.0`* 

2. **MINOR（次版本号）** ✨ 
  新增**向后兼容的功能**时递增，旧代码仍可正常运行。 
  *示例：`1.2.0` → `1.3.0`* 

3. **PATCH（修订号）** 🐞 
  修复**向后兼容的问题**（如 Bug）时递增，不影响功能接口。 
  *示例：`1.2.3` → `1.2.4`* 

## ✅ 为什么使用 SemVer？ 

- **避免“依赖地狱”**：明确版本变更范围，减少兼容性问题。 
- **提升协作效率**：开发者能快速判断升级风险。 
- **自动化工具支持**：npm、Cargo 等包管理器依赖 SemVer 解析版本。 

## ⚠️ 注意事项 

- **0.y.z 版本**：初始开发阶段可能频繁变更，不承诺稳定性。 
- **预发布版本**：通过 `-alpha`、`-beta` 标记（如 `1.0.0-beta.1`）。 

正确使用 SemVer，能让你的项目更专业、更可靠！🎯 下次发布版本时，记得先问：**“这次变更该升哪个数字？”**
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