Django博客开发全流程指南
准备工作与项目初始化
安装最新版本的Django和Python虚拟环境，确保开发环境隔离。使用命令python -m venv venv创建虚拟环境，激活后通过pip install django安装Django框架。
创建Django项目骨架，执行django-admin startproject myblog生成项目目录。进入项目文件夹后运行python manage.py startapp blog创建博客应用模块。将blog添加到settings.py的INSTALLED_APPS列表中完成基础配置。
数据模型设计
在blog/models.py中定义核心数据模型。文章模型（Post）应包含标题、内容、创建时间等字段，示例代码如下：
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
class Post(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
content = models.TextField()
created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
author = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
def __str__(self):
return self.title
执行数据迁移命令同步模型到数据库：
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
视图与URL配置
创建基于类的视图处理文章列表和详情展示。在blog/views.py中使用通用视图简化开发：
from django.views.generic import ListView, DetailView
from .models import Post
class PostListView(ListView):
model = Post
template_name = 'blog/post_list.html'
context_object_name = 'posts'
class PostDetailView(DetailView):
model = Post
template_name = 'blog/post_detail.html'
配置URL路由，在blog/urls.py中定义路径映射：
from django.urls import path
from .views import PostListView, PostDetailView
urlpatterns = [
path('', PostListView.as_view(), name='post_list'),
path('post/<int:pk>/', PostDetailView.as_view(), name='post_detail'),
]
模板系统开发
在blog/templates/blog/目录下创建HTML模板文件。post_list.html显示文章列表：
{% for post in posts %}
<article>
<h2><a href="{% url 'post_detail' post.pk %}">{{ post.title }}</a></h2>
<p>{{ post.created_at|date:"Y-m-d" }}</p>
</article>
{% endfor %}
文章详情页post_detail.html展示完整内容：
<h1>{{ object.title }}</h1>
<p class="meta">作者: {{ object.author }} | 发布日期: {{ object.created_at }}</p>
<div class="content">{{ object.content }}</div>
后台管理与表单
在blog/admin.py注册模型启用后台管理：
from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Post
admin.register(Post)
创建文章发布表单，在blog/forms.py中定义：
from django import forms
from .models import Post
class PostForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = Post
fields = ['title', 'content']
静态文件与部署准备
配置settings.py中的静态文件路径：
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')]
收集静态文件为部署做准备：
python manage.py collectstatic
生产环境部署
安装Gunicorn作为WSGI服务器：
pip install gunicorn
创建Gunicorn启动配置文件gunicorn_config.py：
bind = "0.0.0.0:8000"
workers = 3
使用Nginx作为反向代理，配置示例：
server {
listen 80;
server_name example.com;
location /static/ {
alias /path/to/static/;
}
location / {
proxy_pass http://localhost:8000;
}
}
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