Contrast the various network t

A fully - connected netw ork provides the most reliable topology as it any of the links go down,it is likely there exists another path to route the message.A partially-connected network may suffer from the problem that if a specific link goes down,another path to route a message may not exist.Of the partially-connected topologies,various levels of reliability exist. In a tree-structured topology,if any of the links goes down,there is no guarantee that messages may be routed.A ring topology requires two links to fail for this situation to occur.If a link fails in a star network,the node connected to that link becomes disconnected from the remainder of the network,However,if the central node fails,the entire network becomes unusable.
Regarding available bandwidth for concurrent communications,the fully connected network provides the maximum utility followed by partially connected networks.Tree-structured networks,rings,and star networks have a linear number of network linksand therefore have limited capability with regards to performing high-bandwidth concurent communications.Installation costs follow a similar trend with fully connected networks requiring a huge investment,while trees,rings,
and stars requiring the least investment.
Fully connected networks and ring networks enjoy symmetry in the structure and do not suffer from hot spots,Given random communication patterns,the routing responsibilities ane balanced across the different nodes.Trees and stars suffer from hotspots; the central node in the star and the nodes in the upper levels of the tree carry much more traffic than the other nodes in the system and therefore suffer from load imbalances in routing responsibilities.