Consider the two basic approac

Consider the two basic approaches identified for achieving broadcast, unicast emulation and network- layer (i.e., router- assisted) broadcast, and suppose spanning-tree broadcast is used to achive network- layer broadcast. Consider a single sender and 32 receivers. Suppose the sender is connected to the receivers by a binary tree of routers. What is the cost of sending a broadcast packet, in the cases of unicast emulation and network-layer broadcast, for this topology? Here, each time a packet (or copy of a packet) is sent over a single link, it incurs a unit of cost. What topology for interconnecting the sender, receivers, and routers will bring the cost of unicast emulation and true network- layer broadcast as far apart as possible? You can choose as many routers as you'd like.