They are implemented in very different ways.
hash_map (unordered_map in TR1 and Boost; use those instead) use a hash table where the key is hashed to a slot in the table and the value is stored in a list tied to that key.
map is implemented as a balanced binary search tree (usually a red/black tree).
std::set and std::map are usually implemented as red-black trees
冯诺依曼理论的要点是:数字计算机的数制采用二进制;计算机应该按照程序顺序执行。
其主要内容是:
1.计算机由控制器、运算器、存储器、输入设备、输出设备五大部分组成。
2.程序和数据以二进制代码形式不加区别地存放在存储器中,存放位置由地址确定。
3.控制器根据存放在存储器中地指令序列(程序)进行工作,并由一个程序计数器控制指令地执行。控制器具有判断能力,能根据计算结果选择不同的工作流程。