（CEBSHL Talent Measurement） S

（CEB|SHL Talent Measurement） Social promotion is generally understood to be the practice of allowing pupils who have failed to meet performance standards and academic requirements to continue to the next class year with their peers instead of completing or satisfying the requirements. Promoting pupils in this way is called social promotion because it is often carried out in the presumed interest of a pupil's social and psychological well-being, without regard to achievement. Retention, sometimes viewed as the only alternative to social promotion, is a policy that holds back pupils who have failing marks at the end of a school year. Retention is most often a policy of repetition--pupils are given an additional year at the same level to go over the same academic content, often taught the same way, that they failed to master the previous year. Referring to the above, what is the attitude of the author of this article regarding social promotion and retention?